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- <text id=89TT0481>
- <title>
- Feb. 20, 1989: Stains On The White Continent
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Feb. 20, 1989 Betrayal:Marine Spy Scandal
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ENVIRONMENT, Page 77
- Stains on the White Continent
- </hdr><body>
- <p>A disastrous oil spill stirs fears about Antarctica's future
- </p>
- <p>By Dick Thompson
- </p>
- <p> On the once pristine shores of the Antarctic Peninsula and
- nearby islands, a vast oil slick has become a tide of death. The
- spreading film has killed thousands of krill, the tiny
- shrimplike crustaceans that are a major food source for fish,
- birds and whales. Oil-soaked penguins are in danger of freezing
- to death, and nearly all of the skua chicks have died.
- </p>
- <p> As teams of divers from the U.S. and South America struggled
- last week to plug a hole in the Argentine ship Bahia Paraiso,
- which had sunk and was leaking 3,000 gal. of fuel a day,
- squadrons of scientists rushed in to assess the damage caused
- by Antarctica's first major oil spill. "This is the worst
- ecological disaster for Antarctica, period," says James Barnes,
- general counsel to the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition.
- It is sure to stoke the already heated debate over the future of
- development, tourism and mining in Antarctica.
- </p>
- <p> The calamity began on Jan. 28, when the captain of the Bahia
- Paraiso, a naval resupply ship that doubles as a tourist boat,
- sailed through waters identified on charts as having "dangerous
- ledges and pinnacles." The ship was shaken by a "terrible jolt,"
- says passenger Nadia Le Bon. "I thought we hit an iceberg."
- Instead, the ship had struck Full Astern Reef, which ripped a
- 30-ft. gash through its double hull and into the engine room.
- With the ship listing and the smell of gasoline thick in the
- air, the 314 passengers and crew members were rescued unharmed
- by scientists in small boats from the U.S. research center at
- Palmer Station, a mile away. But the ship began leaking its
- 250,000 gal. of oil and spilling cargo, including drums of
- diesel and jet fuel and tanks of compressed gas, from its deck.
- </p>
- <p> The shipwreck is one result of the largely unregulated
- growth of Antarctic enterprise. Says Peter Wilkniss, head of
- the National Science Foundation's polar programs: "We are
- witnessing the dawn of the commercial age in Antarctica."
- Thousands of tourists are flocking to the once inaccessible
- continent. Throughout the 1984-85 season, only 400 people
- visited Antarctica, but in the week before the Bahia Paraiso hit
- the reef, more than 500 visitors passed through Palmer Station
- alone. And Antarctic tourists are doing more than sailing to
- research centers for short visits and lecture tours. In 1988, 35
- adventurers paid $35,000 each to set foot on the South Pole, and
- this year another group is skiing 600 miles to the bottom of the
- world. "Tourism really needs to be regulated," says Mary
- Voyteck, a scientist with the Environmental Defense Fund.
- </p>
- <p> Whatever happens to tourism, the devastation from the oil
- spill could be a serious setback to the idea of oil and mineral
- exploration in Antarctica. Last May, 33 nations drafted an
- agreement that would eventually open the area to mining and
- drilling. That treaty, which the U.S. Senate will consider for
- ratification in the next few months, is vigorously opposed by a
- broad coalition of environmental groups. Any hopes that the
- Senate will approve the agreement may have sunk with the Bahia
- Paraiso.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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